Factors associated with citations of articles on circular economy in the Web of Science: modeling for main publishers.

Introduction: The publication of articles on the circular economy has different associated factors to explain the citations registered in the Web of Science. Method: Articles from the publishers Elsevier, MDPI, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Springer Nature were evaluated. Results: It was expected that the older the article was, the more citations it had received, but this was not always the case. It was also recognized that there was a lower number of citations if the articles were too large or if they had too many references. Discussion: This analysis helps to establish the factors that must be addressed in order to publish in journals that have a high citation rate. Conclusion: Based on speci?c articles and with speci?c references, it will be possible to increase the probability of citations.

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter.

Cytotoxicity of Peruvian propolis and Psidium guajava on human gingival fibroblasts, PBMCs and HeLa cells.

It is indisputable that every day it is demonstrated that natural products present diverse therapeutic benefits, which has boosted their incorporation within various products for clinical use. However, this must be accompanied by knowledge of their effect on cell lines to ensure their use is safe. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of two ethanolic extracts based on Peruvian natural products, on three human cell lines. Cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa), human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 - ATCC CRL-2014) (HGF-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured and subsequently treated with preparations of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) and Psidium guajava (EEG) from a concentration of 50 mg/mL to 0.024 mg/mL, by the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazole bromide reduction assay. At a concentration of 0.24 mg/mL EEG, viability of 99.7±1.24%, 99.8±2.2% and 99.7±2.7% was observed in HeLa, HGF-1 and PBMCs, respectively; >90% cell viability values were observed with EPP at 0.024 mg/mL, with HGF-1 showing the highest viability (96.9±1.15%). A dose-dependent effect was observed for both extracts with a decrease in cell viability as concentrations increased (up to 50 mg/mL). EEP and EEG extracts at low concentrations do not show cytotoxicity in human cell lines, these findings are an advance in the preclinical evaluation on their safety and open a continuity to further studies for their potential applications in dentistry and medicine.

Research policies and scientific production: A study of 94 Peruvian universities.

Studies of research policies and scientific production are essential for strengthening educational systems and achieving objectives such as quality improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of research policies on the scientific production of public and private Peruvian universities. An observational, descriptive, secondary analysis study of the research policies of 92 universities and two graduate schools licensed by the National Superintendence of Higher Education of Peru (SUNEDU) was conducted for the period from 2016-2020. Scientific publications from educational institutions were collected from Scopus and Web of Science for the study period, and researchers certified by the National Council of Science and Technology of Peru (CONCYTEC) were divided by group and level. Multiple regression analysis was performed using two models. The analysis indicated that research policies did not influence scientific production in Scopus or Web of Science in either 2019 or 2020 (Model I) but that type of management (p < 0.01), number of National Scientific, Technological, and Technological Innovation Registry (RENACYT) researchers (p < 0.001) and 2016 scientific production (p < 0.001) did influence production when these variables were incorporated into the model (Model II). However, time of licensing and management type had no effects. The number of research policies implemented by Peruvian universities and licensed graduate schools was not large. Therefore, it is recommended that project funding policies, research training, and research collaboration be strengthened and that the management capacity of research centers and institutes be increased.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro oral biofilm.

Background: Natural products with antibacterial potential have begun to be tested on biofilm models, bringing us closer to understanding the response generated by the complex microbial ecosystems of the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro biofilm of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: The experimental work involved a consecutive, in vitro, longitudinal, and double-blinded study design. Propolis samples were collected from 13 different regions of the Peruvian Andes. The disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The cytotoxic effect of propolis on human gingival fibroblasts was determined by cell viability method using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effect of propolis on the biofilm was evaluated by confocal microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The 0.78 mg/mL and 1.563 mg/mL concentrations of the methanolic fraction of the chloroform residue of Oxapampa propolis showed effects on biofilm thickness and the copy numbers of the srtA gene of S. gordonii and the radD gene of F. nucleatum at 48 and 120 hours, and chromatography (UV, λ 280 nm) identified rhamnocitrin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, kaempferol, diosmetin, acacetin, glycerol, and chrysoeriol. Conclusions: Of the 13 propolis evaluated, it was found that only the methanolic fraction of Oxapampa propolis showed antibacterial and antibiofilm effects without causing damage to human gingival fibroblasts. Likewise, when evaluating the chemical composition of this fraction, eight flavonoids were identified.

Influencia del empaque, temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las características físicoquímicas y sensoriales de granadilla / Influence of packaging, temperature and storage time on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of passion fruit

El objeto de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia del empaque, temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las características fisicoquímicas y aceptabilidad general de granadilla en la postcosecha. Los tratamientos de empaque fueron bolsa de polietileno de baja densidad perforada y sin perforar, temperaturas de 6 y 10ºC, y tiempo de almacenamiento de 0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 días. La evaluación estadística empleándose un diseño factorial 2*2*5*, con dos repeticiones se realizó con el programa PASW 18.0, mediante análisis de varianza (ANVA) y prueba de Duncan para comparaciones múltiples de las características fisicoquímicas de la granadilla a lo largo de todo el periodo de almacenamiento, así como, las pruebas de Krusbal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney para la aceptabilidad general a los 40 días. En análisis realizado seleccionó como alternativas el empaque de la granadilla en bolsas de polietileno de baja densidad perforado o sin perforar, refrigerada a 6ºC, recomendando la primera de ellas.

The objective of this research was evaluated the influence of packaging, temperature and storage time on the physicochemical characteristics and general acceptability of passion fruit in postharvest. The packaging treatments were the perforated and not perforated low-density polyethylene bag, the temperatures of 6 and 10 ºC, and the storage time at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. The statistical evaluation using a factorial design 2 * 2 * 5, with two replicates was made with SPWA 18.0 program, by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test for multiple comparisons of the physicochemical characteristics of the passion fruit throughout the entire storage period, as well as, tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney for general acceptability at 40 days. The analysis selected as alternatives the packaging of passion fruit in bags of low density polyethylene perforated and not perforated, chilled to 6ºC, recommend the former.

Política farmacéutica nacional: impacto en el uso racional de nedicamentos en el Perú / National Drug Policy: Impact on rational drug use in Peru

El uso irracional de medicamentos en la población constituye un problema de salud pública. La presente tesis ha sido desarrollada con el propósito de determinar si la política nacional farmacéutica peruana tiene impacto positivo en el uso racional de medicamentos en el país. La tesis constituye una investigación en políticas de salud dentro de los lineamientos de la Política Farmacéutica Nacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El análisis de la política farmacéutica peruana comprende un análisis retrospectivo y prospectivo a la aprobación de la Política Nacional de Medicamentos (2004), prospectivamente hasta el año 2006. El material de estudio incluye fuentes primarias y secundarias. Las fuentes secundarias proceden de instituciones oficiales: MINSA, DIGEMID, DIREMID-LA LIBERTAD, INEI-ENAHO y HBT. Los estudios propios se realizaron para complementar información. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con SPSS, versión 15, y se empleó técnicas estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba Z para comparación de proporciones. El impacto de la política nacional farmacéutica peruana en el uso racional de medicamentos se muestra a través de indicadores de prescripción, dispensación y uso de medicamentos en la comunidad. Hay evidencias de progresos positivos en la atención del problema de salud pública, pero aún el problema sigue latente y merece especial atención por parte de las autoridades de salud y mayor compromiso del Gobierno Peruano.

Irrational drugs use in the population constitutes a public health problem. This thesis has been developed whit the purpose of determining whether the national drug policy of Peru has positive impact on the rational use of drugs in the country. The thesis is a health policy research within guidelines of the National Drug Policy at World Health Organization. Analysis of the Peruvian drug policy includes a retrospective and prospective approval of the National Drug Policy (2004), prospectively until 2006. The study material includes primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources are from official institutions: MINSA, DIGEMID, DIREMID-LA LIBERTAD, INEI-ENAHO and HBT. Own studies performed to supplement information. Data processing was performed with SPSS, version 15, and use descriptive statistical techniques an Z test for proportions comparisons. The impact of the Peruvian National Pharmaceutical Policy in the rational use of drugs is shown by indicators of prescribing, dispensing and use of drugs in the community. There is evidence of positive progress in addressing the problem of public health, but still the problem remains latent and deserves special attention from health authorities and greater commitment from the Peruvian Government.